Food is a necessity for the survival of living . Humans obtain essential nutrients from food. These nutrients provide them with energy for activities such as tissue repair and growth, osmoregulation, production and transmission of messages which is part of coordination, breathing and a lot more.
From the time of creation humans have survived on food, food is therefore essential for human survival.
Food can be of plant or animal origin. There are six classes of food which are;
Carbohydrate: This class of food is of plant origin. Sources of carbohydrate include wheat, cereals, tubers, legumes. This class is essential for glucose supply. Glucose is the body’s number 1 energy source. It supplies energy for processes such as breathing, talking, walking, healing, immunity and a lot more. However there are healthy and unhealthy sources of carbs.
Healthy sources include the natural carbs such as beans, potatoes, yam, vegetables, and unprocessed or slightly processed grains. Unhealthy sources include highly processed food such as bread, sodas and pastries.
Proteins: This is an animal origin class of food. This is the most essential food class for muscle development, growth and tissue repair. It is the body’s construction tool starting from the bones right up to the skin. Some individuals may need more proteins than others, these persons include, children, pregnant women and lactating mothers and injured persons.
Fats and Oils: This class can be gotten from both plants and animals. They can be gotten from vegetables, fish .They are essential for energy supply, they support cell formation and muscle development. They are anti-inflammatories hence they lower risk of arthritis, alzheimer’s disease and cancers. Fats also cushion internal organs. Unlike most believes of the dangers of fats, fats are actually very healthy though they maybe some fat sources that should be avoided such as trans fat and some should be reduced like saturated fats such as cheese, pork, red meat.
Vitamins and Minerals: Vitamins are organic substances found in our foods. They play a lot of roles in body development and function, they are antioxidants hence protect body organs from oxidative stress.
Minerals are gotten from plants which get them from soil. Minerals have several roles e.g calcium in bone and teeth development, sodium and potassium in regulation of fluids and muscle contraction.
Water: It is one of the most important macronutrient, making up 65% of total body weight. Human can go longer without food than without water. It functions in excretion, temperature regulation and heat distribution, digestion and absorption, lubrication and also circulation of nutrients.
An imbalance in the consumption of these nutrients is referred to as malnutrition. Malnutrition can be an overnutrition or an undernutrition that is, you can have way less than your body needs or a lot more than it needs.
Undernutrition: When the body’s nutrient demands isn’t met by supply that is a deficiency in nutrients. This can be at the level of consumption were the is an imbalance in diet or at the level of absorption were the body cannot break down what is consumed. Undernutrition can be caused by deficiency in any one of the essential food classes e.g a protein deficiency which will lead to poor growth and muscle development.
Overnutrition: Refers to a condition where the body has too much more than it needs that is, excessive consumption of nutrients. This is associated with overweight and obesity. Excess proteins, fats , carbohydrate are stored by the body as fat cells in adipose tissues. In overnutrition the body runs out of stores causing enlargement of fat cells. It can also be caused by over consumption of supplements which is toxic.
There are several factors which are associated with malnutrition which include;
Ignorance
Poverty
Illness
Age
Modern lifestyle
Mental health
Signs and symptoms of malnutrition include:
-Weightloss
-low body-weight
-lack of appetite
-feeling weak
-feeling tired all the time
-taking a long time to recover when ill and getting ill a lot often
-Slow growth in children or not putting on weight as expected.
-poor muscle contraction
-longer wound healing durations
-depression
Conditions caused by malnutrition:
1-Kwashiorkor; One of the most common malnutrition conditions in the world. This is caused by a protein deficiency. Symptoms of this condition include; thining of hair,coarse hair texture,enlarged liver, dermatitis, easily dislodged teeth, edema,
2-Marasmus; This is also caused by a protein deficiency. It is common in children, this condition may be similar to kwashiorkor but differ in several symptoms. Other symptoms here include; dry,loose, scaly skin, thin muscles.
3-Anemia;The most common condition caused by malnutrition. Although anemia can be caused by several other factors but deficiency in iron and vitamin B12 are the main causes. Symptoms may include shortness of breath,fatigue.
4-Mumps; This is a condition caused by iodine deficiency.Symptoms include swelling of thyriod gland, fatigue, low metabolic rate.
5-Vitamin deficiency;
-Vitamin A deficiency causes vision problems and severe deficiency may lead to blindness.
-Vitamin B1 deficiency will lead to beriberi.
-Vitamin B2 will include symptoms like sore throat,swelling and redness of the mouth
-Vitamin B12 has symptoms such as white spots on the skin, mouth sores, tingling of tongue.
-Vitamin C deficiency causes a condition called scurvy. Symptoms include; bleeding gums,skin spots and very long wound healing time.
-Vitamin D deficiency causes perturbed bone formation leading to osteomalacia and osteoporosis.
6- obesity: Acquisition of an excessive amount of body fat. This is caused by eating too much and burning too little. This may lead to other conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiomyopathies and some cancers. It also makes the individual susceptible to bacteria and fungi infections.
Diseases that may lead to malnutrition
-heart defects
-crohn’s disease
-severe diarrhea
-cystic fibrosis
-depression
Absolutely indited subject matter, appreciate it for information. “Life is God’s novel. Let him write it.” by Isaac Bashevis Singer.
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